之前写过基于位置点的数据库主从复制（https://www.t4x.org/database/configuration-mysql-master-slave/），下面这个是关于GTID的复制方式：
MySQL安装：

[root@Test5 ~]# groupadd -r mysql -g 27
[root@Test5 ~]# useradd -r mysql -u 27 -g mysql -d /data/ -s /sbin/nologin
[root@Test5 ~]# yum install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake libaio-devel library* ncurses-devel bison
[root@Test5 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.33
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql-5.6.33 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql-5.6.33/tmp/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql-5.6.33/data -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.6.33 /usr/local/mysql
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bk
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #老版本可能会影响，因此先将新版本的复制过来，先确保mysql可以启动成功。
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@Test5 mysql-5.6.33]# netstat -tunlp|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 635/mysqld

# useradd -r mysql -u 27 -g mysql -d /data/ -s /sbin/nologin

root
Test5
# yum install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake libaio-devel library* ncurses-devel bison

root
Test5
# cd mysql-5.6.33

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql-5.6.33 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql-5.6.33/tmp/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql-5.6.33/data -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# make -j 2 && make install

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.6.33 /usr/local/mysql

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bk

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf    #老版本可能会影响，因此先将新版本的复制过来，先确保mysql可以启动成功。

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

root
Test5
mysql
5.6.33
# netstat -tunlp|grep 3306

      
3306

                        
LISTEN

mysqld

mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
mysql> show variables like '%server_id%';
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| server_id | 1 |
| server_id_bits | 32 |
+----------------+-------+
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to abc@'%' identified by 'abc';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+------------------+
| user | host |
+------+------------------+
| abc | % |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
| root | test4.hz.t4x.org |
+------+------------------+
mysql> create database abc;
mysql> use abc;
mysql> create table test(
-> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name char(20) not null
-> );
mysql> insert into test(id,name) values(1,'zy');
mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | zy |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES like '%gtid%';
+---------------------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-----------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | OFF |
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_executed | |
| gtid_mode | ON |
| gtid_next | AUTOMATIC |
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | |
| simplified_binlog_gtid_recovery | OFF |
+---------------------------------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES like '%server_uuid%';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1114 | | | a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839:1-5 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
---------------------------多余操作---------------------------
[root@Test4 mysql-5.6.33]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -B abc --set-gtid-purged=OFF > /tmp/abc$(date +%F).sql #数据备份，不需要
---------------------------多余操作---------------------------

Variable_name

Value

log_bin

                                    

log_bin_basename

local
mysql
data
mysql

log_bin_index

local
mysql
data
mysql
index

log_bin_trust_function_creators

log_bin_use_v1_row_events

                                  

sql_log_bin

                                    

mysql
>
show
variables
like
'%server_id%'

Variable_name

Value

server_id

    

server_id_bits

mysql
>
grant
replication
slave
on *
identified
'abc'

mysql
>
flush
privileges

mysql
>
select
user
host
from
mysql
user

user
host

                

root
127.0.0.1

root
localhost

root
test4

mysql
>
create
database

mysql
>

mysql
>
create
table
test

->
null
primary
key
auto_increment

->
name
char
null

->

mysql
>
insert
into
test
name
values
'zy'

mysql
>
select *
from
test

name

  

row
0.00

mysql
>
SHOW
VARIABLES
like
'%gtid%'

Variable_name

Value

binlog_gtid_simple_recovery

      

enforce_gtid_consistency

        

gtid_executed

          

gtid_mode

        

gtid_next

AUTOMATIC

gtid_owned

          

gtid_purged

          

simplified_binlog_gtid_recovery

rows
0.00

mysql
>
SHOW
VARIABLES
like
'%server_uuid%'

Variable_name
Value

server_uuid

a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

row
0.00

mysql
>
show
master
status

File

Position
Binlog_Do_DB
Binlog_Ignore_DB
Executed_Gtid_Set

mysql
000001

1114

                  
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

-多余操作

root
Test4
mysql
5.6.33
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -B abc --set-gtid-purged=OFF > /tmp/abc$(date +%F).sql    #数据备份，不需要

-多余操作

---------------------------多余操作---------------------------
[root@Test5 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p < /root/abc2016-11-02.sql #不要数据还原
mysql> use abc
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_abc |
+---------------+
| test |
+---------------+
mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | zy |
+----+------+
---------------------------多余操作---------------------------
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='1.1.1.104',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='abc',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='abc',
-> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 1.1.1.104
Master_User: abc
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 401
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_Space: 849
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839:1-5
Executed_Gtid_Set: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839:1-5
Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p < /root/abc2016-11-02.sql     #不要数据还原

mysql
>

mysql
>
show
tables

Tables_in_abc

test

mysql
>
select *
from
test

name

  

-多余操作

mysql
>
reset
slave

mysql
>
CHANGE
MASTER

->
MASTER_HOST
'1.1.1.104'

->
MASTER_PORT
3306

->
MASTER_USER
'abc'

->
MASTER_PASSWORD
'abc'

->
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION

mysql
>
start
slave

mysql
>
show
slave
status

row *

Slave_IO_State
Waiting
master
send
event

Master_Host
1.1.1.104

Master_User

Master_Port
3306

Connect_Retry

Master_Log_File
mysql
000005

Read_Master_Log_Pos

Relay_Log_File
relay
000006

Relay_Log_Pos

Relay_Master_Log_File
mysql
000005

Slave_IO_Running

Slave_SQL_Running

Replicate_Do_DB

Replicate_Ignore_DB
mysql

Replicate_Do_Table

Replicate_Ignore_Table

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table
mysql

Last_Errno

Last_Error

Skip_Counter

Exec_Master_Log_Pos

Relay_Log_Space

Until_Condition
None

Until_Log_File

Until_Log_Pos

Master_SSL_Allowed

Master_SSL_CA_File

Master_SSL_CA_Path

Master_SSL_Cert

Master_SSL_Cipher

Master_SSL_Key

Seconds_Behind_Master

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert

Last_IO_Errno

Last_IO_Error

Last_SQL_Errno

Last_SQL_Error

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids

Master_Server_Id

Master_UUID
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Master_Info_File
local
mysql
data
master
info

SQL_Delay

SQL_Remaining_Delay
NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State
Slave
has
read
all
relay
waiting
the
slave
thread
update

Master_Retry_Count
86400

Master_Bind

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp

Master_SSL_Crl

Master_SSL_Crlpath

Retrieved_Gtid_Set
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Executed_Gtid_Set
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Auto_Position

row
0.00

mysql> show processlist\G #主库
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 1
User: root
Host: localhost
db: NULL
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: init
Info: show processlist
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 4
User: abc
Host: 1.1.1.105:39419
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump GTID
Time: 670
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 5
User: abc
Host: 1.1.1.105:39432
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump GTID
Time: 309
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
mysql> insert into abc.test(id,name) values(2,'zyf');
==================================================
mysql> use abc #备库
mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | zy |
| 2 | zyf |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 1.1.1.104
Master_User: abc
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 431
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 641
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 431
Relay_Log_Space: 1089
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839:1-6
Executed_Gtid_Set: a030dc5f-a0f9-11e6-ac8c-000c2934a839:1-6
Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave_IO_State
Waiting
master
send
event

Master_Host
1.1.1.104

Master_User

Master_Port
3306

Connect_Retry

Master_Log_File
mysql
000005

Read_Master_Log_Pos

Relay_Log_File
relay
000006

Relay_Log_Pos

Relay_Master_Log_File
mysql
000005

Slave_IO_Running

Slave_SQL_Running

Replicate_Do_DB

Replicate_Ignore_DB
mysql

Replicate_Do_Table

Replicate_Ignore_Table

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table
mysql

Last_Errno

Last_Error

Skip_Counter

Exec_Master_Log_Pos

Relay_Log_Space
1089

Until_Condition
None

Until_Log_File

Until_Log_Pos

Master_SSL_Allowed

Master_SSL_CA_File

Master_SSL_CA_Path

Master_SSL_Cert

Master_SSL_Cipher

Master_SSL_Key

Seconds_Behind_Master

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert

Last_IO_Errno

Last_IO_Error

Last_SQL_Errno

Last_SQL_Error

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids

Master_Server_Id

Master_UUID
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Master_Info_File
local
mysql
data
master
info

SQL_Delay

SQL_Remaining_Delay
NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State
Slave
has
read
all
relay
waiting
the
slave
thread
update

Master_Retry_Count
86400

Master_Bind

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp

Master_SSL_Crl

Master_SSL_Crlpath

Retrieved_Gtid_Set
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Executed_Gtid_Set
a030dc5f
a0f9
11e6
ac8c
000c2934a839

Auto_Position

row
0.00

port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 4M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
long_query_time = 2
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.pid
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
relay_log = /usr/local/mysql/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/mysql/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
server-id = 9266
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
log-slave-updates = 1
binlog_format = row
skip_slave_start = 1
log-slave-updates = true

一、GTID的概述：

1、全局事物标识：global transaction identifieds。
2、GTID事物是全局唯一性的，且一个事务对应一个GTID。
3、一个GTID在一个服务器上只执行一次，避免重复执行导致数据混乱或者主从不一致。
4、GTID用来代替classic的复制方法，不在使用binlog+pos开启复制。而是使用master_auto_postion=1的方式自动匹配GTID断点进行复制。
5、MySQL-5.6.5开始支持的，MySQL-5.6.10后开始完善。
6、在传统的slave端，binlog是不用开启的，但是在GTID中，slave端的binlog是必须开启的，目的是记录执行过的GTID（强制）。

二、GTID的组成部分：

前面是server_uuid：后面是一个序列号
例如：server_uuid：sequence number

UUID：每个mysql实例的唯一ID，由于会传递到slave，所以也可以理解为源ID。
Sequence number：在每台MySQL服务器上都是从1开始自增长的序列，一个数值对应一个事务。

三、GTID比传统复制的优势：

1、更简单的实现failover，不用以前那样在需要找log_file和log_Pos。
2、更简单的搭建主从复制。
3、比传统复制更加安全。
4、GTID是连续没有空洞的，因此主从库出现数据冲突时，可以用添加空事物的方式进行跳过。

四、GTID的工作原理：
1、master更新数据时，会在事务前产生GTID，一同记录到binlog日志中。
2、slave端的i/o 线程将变更的binlog，写入到本地的relay log中。
3、sql线程从relay log中获取GTID，然后对比slave端的binlog是否有记录。
4、如果有记录，说明该GTID的事务已经执行，slave会忽略。
5、如果没有记录，slave就会从relay log中执行该GTID的事务，并记录到binlog。
6、在解析过程中会判断是否有主键，如果没有就用二级索引，如果没有就用全部扫描。

阿里云RDS实战复制：

A：my.cnf参数中通gtid_mode=ON,log_slave_updates,enforce_gtid_consistency必须同时存在

A：重新启动即可。由于我思路问题，gtid会自动同步，不需要进行备份还原操作，或者通过上面的阿里云那个案例还原的方式，一般主库binlog存在，默认就好，可能会慢一点。

A：重新启动即可。由于我思路问题，
gtid会自动同步，不需要进行备份还原操作，或者通过上面的阿里云那个案例还原的方式，一般主库
binlog存在，默认就好，可能会慢一点。

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