使用MySQL主主复制技术+Keepalived是一种简单、便捷的解决方案,在高可用集群环境中,keepalived使用虚拟VIP,使用Keepalived自带的服务监控功能和自定义脚本来实现MySQL故障时自动切换,非常灵活。如果有一台MySQL服务器死机,或工作出现故障,keepalived将检测到,并将有故障的MySQL服务器从系统中去除。当MySQL服务器工作正常时,则自动将MySQL服务器加入到服务器集群中,无需人工干预。下面环境为debugo01、debugo02两个节点,使用CentOS 6.6系统。MySQL server的版本是Percona Server 5.6.21,已经配置好了两边的MySQL实例。
1. 配置MySQL Multi-Master Replication
编辑my.cnf文件,添加相关复制选项。
vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=1002
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin
binlog_format=mixed
replicate_ignore_db=information_schema
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=1
#debugo01
mysql> show master status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 648
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to rep@'%' identified by 'debugo';
mysql> flush privileges;
#debugo02
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to rep@'%' identified by 'debugo';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='debugo01', MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='debugo', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=648;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#debugo01
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='debugo02', MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='debugo', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=426;
mysql> start slave;
检查日志,没有错误说明配置成功。
2. 配置keepalived
CentOS 6.6的光盘中已经带了keepalived-1.2.13-4的软件包,通过yum安装即可:
yum install keepalived
完成后编辑keepalived.conf文件
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id Keepalived_MySQL
}
vrrp_script check_run {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_MySQL.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1{
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt
track_script {
check_run
}
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass debugo
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.6.2.200
}
}
配置说明
keepalived 的全局配置文件对keepalived起效的配置,而VRRPD 是keepalived 的核心,LVS配置只是需要使用keepalived来配置和管理LVS时需要使用,当然如果是只用keepalived 配置高可用集群是,LVS模块就不需要配置。配置文件都是以块的形式组织的,每个模块的配置都需要用 { } 的范围之内
在keepalived 的主配置文件中主要分为三个文本模块分别是:
全局模块(Global Configuration),VRRPD配置模块(VRRP 实例模块),LVS模块(虚拟服务模块);
1. 全局配置(Global Configuration) 包括两个部分: 即全局定义(global definition) 和静态地址路由(Static ipaddress /routes)。 全局定义:主要是设置Keeplived 的通知机制和标识,同时也不建议用该方法进行状态监控,进行状态监控时nagios 是不二的选择。静态地址路由:该处是配置静态地址和静态路由的,换句话说不随着Vrrp instance的开关的变化而变化,当然VIP不是static IPaddress,会随着VRRPD而添加和删除,设置静态地址和静态路由的格式如:src $SRC_IP to $DST_IP dev $SRC_DEVICE 或者src $SRC_IP to $DST_IP via $GW dev $SRC_DEVICE2. VRRPD 配置包括三个部分: 分别是VRRP脚本(VRRP scripts) . VRRP同步组(syncgriuzation group) 和VRRP 实例(VRRP Instance):
2. VRRP scripts: 脚本会安周期性执行,每秒( 或者按照自己设定的时间间隔),被监控的实例会记录退出的代码,这些脚本被至少有被监控的实例的权重为o的实例才能执行,因此任意脚本可能的声明都不会被系统所记录,如果没有特殊的设置,权重等于2,就意味着那些被监控的实例的优先级会被增加2,反过来,如果失败,则那些实例的优先级会被减去2
3. syncgriuzation group: 如果不使用 VRRP Sync Groups 如果keepalived 主机有两个网段,每个网段开启一个VRRP 实例,如果对外的网段出现问题,VRRPD认为自己仍然认为健康,因此 Master和Backup 相互切换,从而导致服务不能正常使用,同时高可用集群也不能正常运行,Sync group 就是为了解决该问题
注意:
router_id : 标识当前节点.两个节点即可以相同,也可以不同。
virtual_router_id : 这个标识是同一个vrrp实例使用唯一的标识。即同一个vrrp_stance,MASTER和BACKUP的virtual_router_id是一致的,同时在整个vrrp内是唯一的。
而priority 一般MASTER可以设置大一些。
vrrp_script中,MySQL的检测脚本如下,当检测到MySQL失败后,virtual_ipaddress会飘逸到BACKUP上。
vim /etc/keepalived/check_MySQL.sh
#!/bin/bash
MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_USER=root
CHECK_COUNT=5
counter=1
while true
do
mysql -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
i=$?
ps aux | grep mysqld | grep -v grep > /dev/null 2>&1
j=$?
if [ $i = 0 ] && [ $j = 0 ]
then
exit 0
else
if [ $i = 1 ] && [ $j = 0 ]
then
exit 0
else
if [ $counter -gt $CHECK_COUNT ]
then
break
fi
let counter++
continue
fi
fi
done
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
exit 1
3. 测试
启动keepalived
service keepalived start
此时,在/var/log/messages中可以看到定期check_run脚本执行成功:
.....
Jan 21 19:58:35 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Script(check_run) succeeded
......
下面关闭debugo01(MASTER)的MySQL
service mysql stop
#debugo01 keepalived log
an 21 20:00:23 debugo01 Keepalived[25202]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (10/15,2014)
Jan 21 20:00:23 debugo01 Keepalived_vrrp[25204]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
Jan 21 20:00:23 debugo01 Keepalived_vrrp[25204]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
#debugo02 keepalived log
Jan 21 19:58:35 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Script(check_run) succeeded
Jan 21 20:00:24 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jan 21 20:00:24 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Group(VG1{) Syncing instances to MASTER state
Jan 21 20:00:25 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Jan 21 20:00:25 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jan 21 20:00:25 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 10.6.2.200
Jan 21 20:00:25 debugo02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[22064]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.2.200 added
Jan 21 20:00:30 debugo02 Keepalived_vrrp[22065]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 10.6.2.200
检查IP地址:
#debugo02
ip addr show
......
inet 10.6.2.200/32 scope global eth1
......
切换成功^^
--转自