mysql服务器的主从配置,本来是一件很简单的事情,无奈不是从零开始,总是在别人已经安装好的mysql服务器之上 ,这就会牵扯到,mysql的版本,启动文件,等一些问题。
不过没关系,先问清楚两点
1、mysql配置文件my.cnf的位置
2、如何启动、停止mysql,找好启动文件
假设有两台机器,已经安装好了mysql(尽量同版本,且两台机器同一网络,可以ping通)有朋友说:“从服务器,不能低于主服务器的版本”,不过我是低于的,没有出现问题。
主机A: 192.168.1.100
从机B:192.168.1.101
可以有多台从机
1、先登录主机 A
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘backup’@’192.168.1.101‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
赋予从机权限,有多台丛机,就执行多次
2、 打开主机A的my.cnf,输入
server-id = 1 #主机标示,整数
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log #确保此文件可写
read-only =0 #主机,读写都可以
binlog-do-db =test #需要备份数据,多个写多行
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #不需要备份的数据库,多个写多行
3、打开从机B的my.cnf,输入
server-id = 2
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
master-host =192.168.1.100
master-user =backup
master-pass =123456
master-port =3306
master-connect-retry=60 #如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉,重新连接的时间差(秒)
replicate-do-db =test #只复制某个库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不复制某个库
4、同步数据库
有多种方法,我说最笨的一种,先mysqldump导出主机A的数据test为 test.sql,然后在,从机B上建立数据库test,mysql导入 test.sql到test库中
5、先重启主机A的mysql,再重启从机B的mysql
6、验证
在主机A中,mysql>show master statusG;
在从机B中,mysql>show slave statusG;
能看到大致这些内容
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 1374
Binlog_Do_DB: test
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
可以在主机A中,做一些INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE 操作,看看主机B中,是否已经被修改
好了,如果上面没有问题大家可以看看mysql数据相互主从配置小记:
共有四台机器:A(10.1.10.28),B(10.1.10.29),C(10.1.10.30),D(10.1.10.31)。
配置后结果:A-C互为主从,B为A的slave,D为C的slave。
0)准备工作
在四台机器上面安装好mysql后,创建用于同步的账号。
添加账户:
INSERT INTO user (Host,User, Password,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv, Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES('%','test',password('test'),'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');
刷新数据库:
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
1)配置A-C互为主从,修改A配置文件为:
server-id = 1
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-do-db=test_admin
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
replicate-wild-do-table=test.%
replicate-wild-do-table=test_admin.%
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
slave-skip-errors=all
修改C配置文件为:
server-id = 3
binlog-do-db=test
binlog-do-db=test_admin
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
replicate-wild-do-table=test.%
replicate-wild-do-table=test_admin.%
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
slave-skip-errors=all
重启mysql是配置生效
将A设置为主:
停止同步:
slave stop;
清空服务器master日志:
reset master;
授权同步账号:
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'test';
刷新授权:
flush privileges;
锁定数据库:
flush tables with read lock;
将C设置为从:
停止同步:
slave stop;
配置同步信息:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.10.28', MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='test', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
将C设置为主:
slave stop;
清空服务器master日志:
reset master;
授权同步账号:
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'test';
刷新授权:
flush privileges;
锁定数据库:
flush tables with read lock;
将A设置为从:
停止同步:
slave stop;
配置同步信息:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.10.30', MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='test', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
2)将B设置为A的从
server-id = 2
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-do-db=test_admin
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
replicate-wild-do-table=test.%
replicate-wild-do-table=test_admin.%
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
slave-skip-errors=all
重启mysql服务
停止同步:
slave stop;
配置同步信息:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.10.28', MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='test', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
启动同步:
slave start;
3)将D设置为C的从
server-id = 4
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-do-db=test_admin
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
replicate-wild-do-table=test.%
replicate-wild-do-table=test_admin.%
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
slave-skip-errors=all
重启mysql服务
停止同步:
slave stop;
配置同步信息:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.10.30', MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='test', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
完成之后可以创建添加数据测试一下是否可以。
下面是常见错误处理:
1)change master导致的:
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'repl1@IP:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries
2)在没有解锁的情况下停止slave进程:
mysql> stop slave;
ERROR 1192 (HY000): Can't execute the given command because you have active locked tables or an active transaction
3)change master语法错误,落下逗号
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='IP'
-> master_user='USER',
-> master_password='PASSWD',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
-> master_log_pos=106;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'master_user='USER',
master_password='PASSWD',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002' at line 3
4)在没有停止slave进程的情况下change master
mysql> change master to master_host=‘IP', master_user='USER', master_password='PASSWD', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=106;
ERROR 1198 (HY000): This operation cannot be performed with a running slave; run STOP SLAVE first
5)A B的server-id相同:
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids;
these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on
slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it).
查看server-id
mysql> show variables like 'server_id';
手动修改server-id
mysql> set global server_id=2; #此处的数值和my.cnf里设置的一样就行
mysql> slave start;
6)change master之后,查看slave的状态,发现slave_IO_running 为NO
好了,这篇文章总共计到了mysql主从配置与数据相互主从配置配置教程。
--转自